Glory the Movie

Glory: The Movie Essay The most memorable moment in anything is what sticks to you. It’s something that you can never forget because it touched you so much. In the movie, Glory there are so many memorable moments, you could write a book about them. So, I chose a moment that stuck to me, personally the most. The most memorable moment in the movie for me was the Battle of Fort Wagner. The most memorable moment in the movie for me was when Kernel Robert Shaw chooses to put his men, the 54th Massachusetts, first into battle to try to capture Fort Wagner from the south.Then when they start to charge, and the Fort Wagner troops begin to shoot cannons at the 54th. The cannons are so powerful men start dropping like flies. So, Robert decides to take his men behind the sand dunes. When Robert sees they have a lot of â€Å"cannon power† left at fort Wagner, he decides to charge and fight man to man. While doing this, he was shot and killed instantly. Then, the rest of 54th Mass. charged and tried to capture the fort without their Kernel.This was unsuccessful be caused the 54th Mass. was outnumbered by more than 600 soldiers. At fort Wagner, 54th Mass. lost more than half of its people. This was the most memorable part of the movie because even when the men of 54th Mass. could hide and surrender, they kept on fighting for what they believed in. This shows that you should never ever give up, even when you are on a losing side. It also shows these men had something a lot of people wished they had: COURAGE.

Hester Prynne and her Subconscience Essay

The mind is by far one of the most intriguing and unknown parts of the human body, but it has been broken down into three distinguishable parts by Sigmund Freud. He has broken the mind into the id, ego, and superego. These are all parts of the human mind that control each and every action or thought that a person has. The id is the pleasure part, and it controls actions that occur without thought of punishment. The ego controls all actions that occur consciously and with knowledge of the consequences. The superego is the part of the brain that holds a person back from committing an action. Both the action and consequences are thought about before the act is done. These three mental states occur in all people, but especially within Hester Prynne from The Scarlet Letter. Throughout the story her mindset changes many times. It starts out in the id phase and works its way to the superego and finally retreats back to the ego. Hester shows that it is possible for all three parts of the brain to work in close proximity to one another. The id phase of Hester’s actions is one of the most important to the progression of the book. Her actions in this id phase are committed before the book even begins. She is a married woman and she ends up sleeping with the young minister of her town after many years of waiting for her husband to come over to America from England. Hester wanted to wait for him, but she did not really ever love him and she felt she needed to find someone else. This is when she committed her act of adultery. She did not think about the consequences that would come with her actions. The act was done in a spur-of-the-moment situation. This was all because of Hester’s id part of the brain. Hester went through the superego stage after the id. This was when she decided she was not going to tell anyone the identity of either Pearl’s father or of Chillingworth. She was conscious of what could result if this information was given out to the public, and she did not want to go through anymore shame or punishment. This demonstrates the aspect of the superego working in her brain. She could have gone out and put all the blame that she was receiving on Dimmesdale and revealed the truth about Chillingworth and his past. She did not do this however, because she did not want to blame  anyone else and she did not want to hurt the one person she really did love. All of these actions and thoughts that she had show how her superego played a large role in how she handled her everyday life after receiving the â€Å"A.† The last phase that Hester goes through in the story is the ego phase. This is when she decides that it is no longer worth it for her to hold back Chillingworth’s real identity from Dimmesdale and also when she encourages Dimmesdale to tell the truth about himself. She new perfectly well what the consequences to her actions would be, but she was willing to go through with them. This is a great example of someone working in the ego phase. The only problem with her thought process was that both Dimmesdale and Chillingworth ended up dieing. Dimmesdale had nothing left to live for and Chillingworth was alive, because he wanted to torment Dimmesdale. All of Hester’s actions show how the three mental phases in everyone’s minds are very closely related to one another. Every person is under the control of the three parts of the human brain, but in the case of Hester Prynne, all three work in a very close relation to one another. She started out in the id and eventually worked her way through to the superego and finally ended in the ego state. It was her lust for a man that put her in the id state, her denial of the truth that allowed her to be in the superego state and her openness and love that placed her under the ego. All three cases show how closely the mind’s separate functions work.

A child called it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A child called it - Essay Example In many cases, the child, because of illness, irritability, or the parents incorrect choice of actions, would not return the desired and expected response. In such an interaction, the child’s purpose can be seen as blameworthy. Pelzer writes that his mother often found any excuse to bit him: â€Å"SMACK!. Mother bits me in the face and I topped to the floor. I know better than to stand there and take the bit, I learned the bard way that she takes as an act of defiance, which means more bits, or worst of all, no food † (Pelzer, 1995, p. 3). As a child, Pelzer cannot resist domestic violence and psychical abuse. This situation creates feelings of helplessness, frustration and anger. A hasty move of children can also generate stresses for both the children and caretakers alike, with the children suddenly uprooted and the caretakers unprepared to meet their needs. In contrast to his siblings, favored by his mother, Pelzer was beaten, bruised and sometimes tortured for a long time. In some instances his injuries threatened his life: For instance, once Dave was stubbed in the chest, and â€Å"the pain from the pinching was more than I could stand. With my teeth clamped tightly on the rag, my screaming was muffled. I felt as though I was hanging from a cliff† (Pelzer, 1995, p. 23). This book is about emotional abuse and psychological distress caused by parents. Pelzer was subjected to emotional abuse and neglect, including malnutrition, being left alone and living in squalid conditions. It seems likely that Pelzer subjected to violent parenting repeatedly asserted his needs and his dependency only to find his caretakers unable to meet them. In such cases, the childrens immaturity would have been experienced by the parents as an intolerable extra demand that competed with the parents own dependency wishes. Frustration and violence to the children then resulted. The author describes: â€Å"I knew if I wanted to live, I would have to think ahead. I could no longer cry like

Market government organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Market government organization - Essay Example The three banks that have most offshore accounts are UBS, Credit Suisse and Goldman Sachs. While US, UK and Germany are doing a great deal to bring to line the rogue tax evaders, more effective policy change and stringent punishments must be enacted to promote transparency and prevent tax evasion. Transparency laws should become compulsory, especially for banks and make accessibility f data easy for everyone, including foreign agencies and individuals. Hence, banks and banking laws should come under the purview of international laws along with local laws. Indeed, the governments cannot take actions if they are bound by international laws and local laws of countries where the money is stashed. Access to information becomes a critical issue that can significantly discourage tax evasion. Stringent punishment would further deter the tax evaders as well as banks and help developing and under developed economies to make fast socio-economic

The treatment of the Devil in Literature and the Faustian bargain Research Paper

The treatment of the Devil in Literature and the Faustian bargain - Research Paper Example Faustus is aspired for knowledge and power and he signs his contract with the Devil in his blood. Marlowe and Goethe contributed much to the development of the story about Faust and Devil. Mephistopheles prevents Dr. Faustus from his love with a woman-for-life and from God, but just promises to punish him in case of his cooperation with Christian powers. Mephistopheles takes away the life and soul of Dr. Faustus. He has no patience and tears Faustus into small pieces after 24 years. The moral of the story is to be able to resist evil. Therefore, this book is about Mephistopheles and his ability to ruin life of a human being. A destroying power of temptation and finding an easy way to the main goal of ones life is discussed in this first story about Faust. No pains, no gains – these words should have inspired Faustus in his searching for true knowledge, but not easy gains. Another writer, who continued these ideas, is Marlowe. He described Mephistopheles in a different manner. This is kind of a medieval morality play about good and evil. This tragedy contains chorus and the main figure of this story underlines his heroic features. Faustus thinks that his soul costs nothing in comparison with a power of knowledge and his own power he can gain. The essence of knowledge is discussed in this story. In the light of Doctor Faustus the issue of knowledge is considered from a very interesting perspective. Faust does not believe in philosophy anymore, he is much considered about the magic books. He thinks that there is much more power in the books of magic than in the books of philosophy, which he has already mastered. The works of Greek philosophers are considered by Dr. Faustus as the books of divine doctrine. The books of nature and the books of philosophy and science are opposed in this book. Faustus thinks that the source of knowledge can be found in diff erent scholastic books. The issues of the eternity of universe

Annotaed bibliography and rephrase Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Annotaed and rephrase - Annotated Bibliography Example He notes that socialist markets are controlled and do not respond the forces of demand and supply. In his context, this policy indirectly recommends women and children to work, centrally to capitalism where anyone works at their own wish. In addition, he says that this trend can be changeable the respect the natural forces of the market. David Stark’s article is an important source of knowledge. It would mostly help someone to know the differences of socialism and capitalism. It would also enable one to know why socialism was popular in the industrial revolution of America and how it ended. The objective of the article is achieved since it gives a vivid description of socialism, capitalism, and the industrial revolution in America. His article was of much help to me since it informed, me of the differences of socialism and capitalism as it pertains to industrial revolution in America. Chapters in this article could be used in classes to explain the notable differences he gives of socialism. Information contained in this article could be used in research projects as a hypothesis to enable the researcher prove the differences indicated in this article. Problems arose in contemporary America because of socialism. Labor unions powers have largely been eliminated and capitalists can engage in any transactions aimed at reducing the cost of labor thus weakening workers and socialism. Workers are threatened since the socialist inspired safety nets have been abolished (Bissett

'The global financial crisis (2007-2009) is an evidence of the Essay - 1

'The global financial crisis (2007-2009) is an evidence of the weaknesses of the existing international and national regulator - Essay Example An economy is a self-sustaining cycle with the financial activities in one sector rapidly spiraling its effects on many other industries thus crippling the economy1. The same was the scenario with the causes and rapid spread of the consequences of bad financial activities in some of the greatest economies such as the United States and the United Kingdom among others across Europe. Such ripple effects as increased unemployment and reduced government spending affects the purchasing power of the population thus resulting in the rapid collapse of economies as was the case during the financial crises. Major companies reduced their financial activities owing to the increasing cost of doing business. Most companies closed down while others reduced their sizes. Both the actions resulted in increased and prolonged joblessness that accounted for the breadth and depth of the crises both in the developed and developing economies. The Basel 2 accord provided for specific operational features of b oth investment and commercial banks. These included the amount of money that the banks ought to set aside for emergencies to cushion the economy from such shocks. Additionally, the regulations define the roles of both commercial and investment banks. Disregarding the laws including the repeal of the Glass-Steagall act in 1999 instituted by the Clinton administration was among the key causes of the crisis. The act sought to cushion from financial crises following the lessons learnt from the great depression. According to the provisions of the act, the government clearly distinguished commercial banks from investment banks. An effective regulation of the banking industry cushioned the economy from financial crises since banks could maintain appropriate financial activities2. By repealing the act, the government permitted commercial banks to take part in risky investments with the view of increasing their profitability. The repeal of the acct was an embodiment of the weaknesses of the regulation of the economy thus validating the escalation of the crises3. The liberation of the act, commercial banks began investing their money in the economy. Such big commercial banks as the Wells Fargo and the American Bank became active investors in the economy. Among the industries that appeared lucrative included the housing industry as the commercial banks increased their investments in the sector4. The American government for example, provided the citizens with incentives thus encouraging the citizens to acquire mortgagees and purchase homes. The banks saw that as an opportunity to invest in the industry and benefit from the increased financial activity in the market. Without any clear regulation, the government watched as commercial banks competed with the investment banks for the few investment opportunities. Before long, the economy began experienced declining liquidity as both investment and commercial banks both began lacking adequate money to stay operational. The deb t levels thus increased as most of the people who had acquired mortgages lost their jobs owing to the worsening economy and the increase in layoffs5. Commercial banks just as their names suggest make their profits from the financial transactions undertaken by their customers. They sustain the liquidity of the economy by availing the money whenever the customers want. This way,

D-Day, Invasion of Normandy, France (World War II) Research Paper

D-Day, Invasion of Normandy, France (World War II) - Research Paper Example As a consequence lead to France and Britain launching war against Germany two days later. Other countries then joined the war taking different sides depending on the side they supported (Hastings 1945). The war continued resulting in the battle of Normandy which is considered as the last greatest set-piece war that has ever occurred in the Western world. This paper will explore the events of the D-Day invasion of Normandy, France during World War II. Fein (5) notes that at the dawn of June 6, 1944, one of the greatest and historic battles started. Under leadership of United States of America, its allied forces entered France. The first Paratroopers were composed of approximately 175, 000 US allied soldiers sent to France that day. The first battle was fought for 24 hours during that day. This daring 24-hour battle is what is termed as D-Day. However, the war that followed after the D-Day is considered one of the most important wars of World War II which began in 1939 and ended in 194 5. This battle is what is known as The Battle of Normandy according to Fein (5). Fein (5) asserts that in 1944, the Axis controlled most parts of Europe. The Axis powers were under the leadership of Germany with the other axis powers consisting of Japan, Italy and Romania. The D-Day invasion of Normandy was the launching point of the Allies for Europe’s invasion. Under the strategy, the Allied forces first planned to liberate France from the control of the Axis. This was then to be followed by waging another war aimed at freeing the rest of Europe. The Allied countries consisted of the United States of America as the leader, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and several other countries. Hitler’s Troops The World War was caused by the fact that Adolf Hitler, then German chancellor, wanted the world to be under his control. This however never came to be as Hitler killed himself in April, 1945, days before Germany conceded to defeat (History Learning Site par 1). Fein (6) reveals that at that time, the German Army was perceived to be one of the strongest in the world. By 1944, German army had taken over most of Europe but later started to show some signs of weakness. It is reported that earlier in the battle, German arsenals had severely suffered huge losses in Africa and the Soviet Union. Therefore, by the time of D-Day battle, millions of German armies were dead or taken as prisoners. Fein asserts that the German arsenals were thinly spread making it weaker. Despite the situation, many German troops still fought in the Soviet Union and on other numerous fonts. Nevertheless, the army still could not respond well both defensively and in form of attacks. This gave the Allies the courage to hit harder as they knew that Hitler was now headed for another defeat. Stalin Demands Action Fein (7) reveals that as the war began, the Soviet Union recorded significant success in fighting Germany. However, due to huge bombardments and losses it incurred, it neede d support from the Allied forces to help it continue with the war. It is reported that at first, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. This led to the deaths of many soldiers and civilians from Soviet Union. In 1942, Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union called upon the Allied forces to invade Europe. This was due to his belief that a huge attack in Europe would force Hitler to

Development of a Model Aviation Safety Program for General Aviation Dissertation

Development of a Model Aviation Safety Program for General Aviation - Dissertation Example In relation to research methodology, a qualitative research approach has been considered in this study. Moreover, questionnaire surveys have been conducted for both the service providers as well as the customers of the aviation industry. The sample size was considered to be 100 for the customers and 50 for the service providers. Additionally, both primary sources (in the form of questionnaires) and secondary sources (in the form of literature review) have been taken into concern for this study. Introduction The introduction and the subsequent development of aviation safety programs has eventually emerged as one of the topmost concerns for the general aviation companies due to an increased rate of airline accidents or fatalities in the global arena. In relation to aviation safety, the two priority areas, which include the human factors and the impact of technological factors, are often observed as the most prominent causes for airline fatalities. With respect to the manual causing fac tors, it has been viewed that the errors which are often caused manually by the humans ultimately lead towards serious safety issues. Conversely, with regard to technology factors, it has been apparently observed that when the technology relating to aviation segment fails to perform its functions, it also increases the degree of risks concerning the security (Aviation Safety Corps, n.d.). After acquiring a brief idea concerning the different facets of the identified research issue, it can be stated that the study mainly deals with qualitative factors such as the experiences of the service providers and the conception of the consumers regarding the development of model aviation safety related programs. Consequently, a qualitative approach of research methodology has been implemented in this study in order to gain a better knowledge regarding the necessity of introducing as well as developing aviation safety programs for the general aviation companies. With regard to research design, suitable as well as important data has been collected from conducting surveys in the form of questionnaires as a primary source. The questionnaires have been designed taking into account the service providers of the aviation companies and also the customers as the respondents. Apart from the primary source, the secondary source as a form of literature review has also been used in this study. The sample size was considered to be 100 for the customers and 50 for service providers. A descriptive analysis approach has been used in the study by evaluating the secondary sources in accordance with the primary data obtained. According to the data, the importance of introducing as well as developing model aviation safety related programs for the general aviation companies have been obtained. Project Literature Review According to the report published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (2011), it has been viewed that the numbers of airline accidents have increased substantially in the current years. This is fundamentally owing to the increased technological and human errors in preserving aviation safety. Consequently, the general aviation companies have been focussed upon the implementation and the advancement of different safety initiatives with the intention of reducing the accidents by a greater extent as well

Difference Between Monopoly Pricing and Competitive Pricing Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Monopoly Pricing and Competitive Pricing Essay Congress is discussing the possibility of removing patent protection for life saving drugs in order to reduce the cost of the Medicare and Medicaid systems. Discuss both the short-run and long-run implications for the economic situation of the drug industry. Include in your answer the impact on prices, new development, etc. of drugs. Include appropriate graphs showing the difference between monopoly pricing and competitive pricing. The drug industry currently takes on both monopolistic and competitive market structures. When a drug company develops a new drug, there are patent laws that allow the company to have a monopoly on selling the drug. In the short-run, the company is able to charge the monopoly price (above marginal cost) and maximize profit by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Once the patent runs out, other drug companies have an incentive to enter the market causing it to become more competitive. These new companies produce generic versions of the drug and charge a price below the monopolist’s price. As more and more competitors enter the price is driven down to marginal cost. If congress were to remove patent protection on life-savings drugs, drug company’s profits for life saving drugs would decrease. More companies would be able to begin producing the drugs without waiting for the patent period to end therefore, the original drug maker would not be able to charge the monopoly price for very long because competitors could quickly engineer generic versions. The original producer would no longer be a price maker and instead need to follow profit maximization rules of a competitive market by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charge a price equal to marginal marginal revenue. Since the original drug maker will not be able to benefit from monopoly pricing during the patent period, there will be less incentive for them to create lifesaving drugs. A part of the benefit of higher profits during the monopoly period is the ability to recoup some of the research, develop, and testing costs of producing these drugs that the generic makers do not incur. Consumers on the other hand would benefit from competition in the market which prevents a single drug maker from dictating the market price of these newly developed lifesaving drugs.

Movie Review Of Punch Drunk Love Film Studies Essay

Movie Review Of Punch Drunk Love Film Studies Essay Punch-Drunk Love is a very interesting American comedy directed by Paul Thomas Anderson with Sandler as the protagonist of this film. The detailed description and depiction of the main characters and the keep-changing and aesthetic setting of the story leave me a very deep impression after watching the film. After watching this film, Punch-Drunk Love looks like a sorbet of very strange color and flavor, its sweetness shot through with startling, unexpected taste. The whole story is very humorous, but one can also feel it is always on the verge of a nervous breakdown. Just like Jon Brions schizoid musical scorein the film, which is liltingly romantic one moment and abrasively percussive the next, Punch-Drunk Love is determined to throw you off balance. Sandlers performance keeps you guessing when, where and whether the protagonist, this self-hating, painfully self-conscious man might explode. There is danger lurking under his bland exterior, visible to everyone but Lena, who sees only what? This is the mystery in the whole story, and the key of the problem, at the heart of the movie. You must take Lenas love for Barry on faith, for her character is seriously underwritten. What does she see in the guy? Why would she commit herself to him, rather than have him committed? The bravura filmmaking (theres not a dull shot in the whole movie) dazzles you from start to finish, but the movie is an emotional jigsaw puzzle thats missing a couple of crucial pieces. Anderson has willed Punch-Drunk Love to be a romantic comedy; its powerful undercurrents, however, keep tugging it in other, darker directions, resulting in a movie more amazing than satisfying. In this paper, I am going to review Punch-Drunk Love from these three perspectives by analyzing the characteristics of the protagonists and the scene of the film, aiming to find out the humor and the aesthetic value of this film. At last, since love is the theme of this movie, and the constant theme in most of the American movies, I will try to dig out the romance between Barry and Lena in this film. To some extent, we can say, there are basically three dimensions in this film, that is, humor, aesthetics, and romance. In the next part, I will analyze the three dimensions respectively in detail. First of all, the arrangement and description of the characters in this film completely exhibit the features of a comedy. This is a new Adam Sandler on view in Punch-Drunk Loveangry, sad, and desperate. In voice and mannerisms he is the same childlike, love-starved, and sometimes even a little stupid Adam Sandler weve seen from a series of dim comedies he has acted, but this film, by seeing him in a new light, encourages us to look again at those films. Given a director and a screenplay that sees through the Sandler persona, that understands it as the disguise of a suffering outsider, Sandler reveals depths and tones we may have suspected but couldnt bring into focus. However, from the perspective of the style of the film, this is a comedy, so the performance by Sandler is still very humorous. In this movie, Sandler plays Barry Egan, a fearful, volatile, socially maladroit salesman of novelty plumbing items in the west of America. (His dice-and-money toilet plunger sells big in Vegas ). In this story, Barry always dressed in a formal bright blue suit and wore a tie in the working place. By contrasting with other workers who wore dirty and random clothes corresponding to their work and identity together with him, formal Barry looked very funny. So from the appearance, we can see he is very different from others and there must be some interesting stories will happen to him. And under such a strange looking, what a mental state will be there? What caused his specialty from other fellow workers? Then we get to know that this has something to do with his family circumstances. He had seven sisters, who cared much about him and inferred most of his personal and non-personal things. As a result, he was not spiritually free, for his thoughts and performance were all restrained by his sisters. Let us think about the gender and number proportion, one boy to seven girls! Barry must be very depressed in the process of growing up, and he must feel very lonely. So in this film , we can find out he got a borderline agoraphobe because of the restriction of his seven sisters. Besides the appearance, Barry also had other strange and funny behaviors. Barry lives alone in a sterile Valley apartment, and he is prone to sudden violent outbursts of rage. For instance, he broke the washing room of the restaurant when having meal with Lena and he would not admit that he did that. I believe most of the spectacles will feel amazed when seeing he did that. That is for sure he was ill, since what he did is beyond the imagination of an ordinary person. What is more ridiculous is that Barry obsessed with his scheme to acquire 1.5 million frequent-flier miles by buying a lot of Healthy Choice pudding. All the puddings made everyone surrounding him out for gold. As a result, everybody misunderstood him and laughed at him in his working place. As a matter of fact, he had never been on an airplane and of course he had no intention to travel to other places. So even if he real ly liked Lena, he didnt go to Hawaii with her. The stupid and inconceivable behaviors of the character bring a lot of humor. There is also an interesting plot in this movie, which is also a sparkle in the whole story. About 15 minutes after the movie began, Barry made a phone call the sex hot line, aiming at finding a girl to talk to him and reduce the feeling of loneliness. As the price of this call, he told all his private number to the switchboard operator, including his phone number, credit card number, and his address and so on. But actually, he didnt want to do anything with the girl. No matter how the girl Georgia seduced him with obscenity words, he reacted indifferently and even stupidly. The great contrast of performance between these two persons is quite funny and ridiculous. Whats more unbelievable is Barry was stayed on by the kidnappers hired by the sex phone. That is, until he meets his sisters adorable friend Lena (a luminous Emily Watson), who inspires the love-stru ck Barry to follow her on a business trip to Honolulu. He will also make it to Utah to confront the extortionist (Philip Seymour Hoffman) who has sent four menacing Mormon brothers to threaten his life, all because, one lonely night, he called a sex-phone service and foolishly gave them his credit-card number. All in all, the character acted by Sandler seems very stupid and simple-minded and also a little goosy. All these characteristics increase the index of humor of the whole movie. Another eye-catching point in Punch-Drunk Love is the choice of the scenes. The wise choosing of the scene in the film can add the aesthetic value of the story and the picturesque beauty can make the audience have a better understanding and feeling of the story. Although Punch-Drunk Love is a comedy with humor at the main tone of the whole film, the scenes are also romantic and beautiful in the story. And the transform of the scene quite adapts to the plot and the characters. At the beginning, the scene is in a void and sunny outside place where Barry met his future lover Lena. The sky is very blue and open; the sunshine is very bright; the land is yellow; the car is white; Barry wearing bright blue suit and Lena in red dress met with each other and had an interesting short talk. In such a scene, no body will not imagine a romantic plot even if the hero of the story seems stupid and simple-minded and answered questions with the single sentence I dont know. So this scene of contrastiv e bright colors indicates the future development of the characters. Also there is another clue of the story is the organ. When the protagonists met with each other, there was a organ in the middle of the street. Then Barry took it into his working place. Since then, he would play it from time to time. The coincidence is that the heroin Lena is a woman organist. The appearance of this organ added much romantic flavor to the love story between the hero and heroin. And besides the beauty of picture, there seem some musical signals as well in the story. The other eye-catching setting in this movie is the beach of Honolulu. Although Barry is very afraid of taking the airplane, he flew to Honolulu for his lover Lena. After he arrived there, he called Lena by the public telephone on the street when there was grand gala parade. Barry bared his heart to Lena and asked many private questions on when the grand parade was going on. It was very noisy and we hardly heard clearly what he said. Thi s is where is funny. The big public parade contrast with the private love expression. I thing only Anderson can think of such a contrastive and dramatic plot and scene. Next comes the romantic beach dinner. At dusk, Barry and Lena dated at the beach and had very romantic dinner. The sun had set just now and there was still some rest light of the glorious sun. The ocean was dark blue and very quiet. The local artist played the guitar and sang a beautiful song with Hawaii flavor. The whole atmosphere is so quiet and comfortable. Our protagonists were having the same quiet date in the dark light of a small and weak table lamp. No words is needed at that moment but enjoyed the silence and the beauty of the dusk and the music. But still we know everything without words. Thats why we say the choice of the scenes in this film is a bright spot. And this is also the attractive glamour of the big screen film. At last, I want to say something about the development romantic relationship between the hero and the heroin. I think for most of the audience, they dont know what will be going on next from the very beginning of the film. However, this is also an important factor in the film about love, for the unexpected plot will be more impressive than those old stories. If I am a girl in this film, I would not love Barry, maybe because of all the misunderstandings. He is such a strange man: calling sex girls and arising troubles, buying lots of pudding for free airplane tickets even if he didnt want to have a trip by plane, breaking the washing room of the restaurant without sensation, not knowing how to express love to the girl he loves, etc. yes, that is Barry. But since this is a story in the film, Lena loved him although he was such unbearable. I dont know why and you dont know why, but that is the fact in the film. Maybe this is so-called romance. As a feedback, Barry finally woke from his psychological problem and closed self-world and tried to express love to Lena and adapted to this objective world. Thats why he overcame the fear in his heart and went to Honolulu for Lena by airplane. I think this part may let many girls moved and touched. The ending of this film is also very touching and perfect. Barry and Lena played the organ together in his working place. The scene and the organ both echoed the beginning of their love story. In a word, Punch-Drunk Love is comedy which is humorous, romantic and picturesque. It deserves our review and also other thoughts about humanity and love.

Beowulf From Early Anglo-Saxon Text to Hypertext :: Internet Medieval Literature Essays

Beowulf From Early Anglo-Saxon Text to Hypertext This paper describes the combined use of Mosaic and the World Wide Web as tools that will both allow scholars and researchers to examine ancient manuscripts without the risk of physical damage to the manuscripts, and facilitate greater general public access to the material. The British Library is currently engaged in a project to establish a full image archive relating to the transmission down the ages of one of the earliest known Anglo-Saxon poems: Beowulf (thought by some to have been written in the eighth century AD, and rife with fighting, slaying and mythical monsters), as part of its commitment to increase access to its collections, by use of digital imaging and networking technology. Images of parts of the Beowulf manuscript are scanned in 24-bit colour, both under visible and ultraviolet light. These images may be of entire pages, or just single words or letters. The resulting image files are huge: at a maximum size of 2320 by 3072 pixels each image takes up about 20-25 MB, however they can reveal even more information than would physical examination of the original manuscripts, for example allowing the detection of alterations to the manuscripts and revealing letters that have been obscured by repairs to eighteenth century fire damage. The Library is experimenting with the use of Mosaic and the World Wide Web as a front end to provide initial access to materials in the Library's Reading Rooms in London. Mosaic was chosen as a powerful, simple-to-use interface suitable for users who may not be computer-literate. By use of off-line image preparation, server-side scripts performing on-the-fly image manipulation and caching of images, users are able to search quickly for detail in the images, while the hypertext features of the Web allow cross references to background material to be presented. Introduction The British Library is the national library of Great Britain. It has amongst its collection of over 15 million books and other documents, several hundred thousand ancient manuscripts. One of these is a unique copy of the epic poem Beowulf, which tells of the deeds of the eponymous hero, king of the Geats; of his battles with the half-human fiend Grendel and the monster's mother, and ends with his mortal combat with a fiery dragon. The poem is one of the oldest existing Anglo-Saxon poems, having been written down in the early eleventh century AD, but thought by some to have been composed even earlier in the eighth century.

Shaping Identity Essay -- essays research papers

Shaping Identity Identity. What is identity? One will say that it is the distinct personality of an individual. Others will say that identity is the behavior of a person in response to their surrounding environment. At certain points of time, some people search for their identity in order to understand their existence in life. In regards, identity is shaped into an individual through the social trials of life that involve family and peers, the religious beliefs by the practice of certain faiths, and cultural awareness through family history and traditions. These are what shape the identity of an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's world, society creates an impact on human life. More of an impact can be seen among family and peers. They can be found at home, work, and school. At home with family, identity can be created on the difference of having one parent, divorced or separated parents, no parents, abusive parents, or even negligent parents. For example, children who grow up without a father or mother figure tend to become more independent at an early stage. Another example is where certain experiences within the family such as constantly witnessing parents argue can cause one's identity to be confined and distant. But, some people shape their identity similar to their parents. Such as a son became a soldier in the army because his father was in the army. Siblings, if any, are also an influence on the social identity of a person. They either become your friend, mentor, or you...

Analysis of Centaur Abducting Woman with Fallen Lapith Man Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the most interesting period in Greek sculpture is the Classical period. During this glorious period of unbelievable craftsmanship, numerous pieces celebrated the Greek’s infatuation with fable and war. The sculpture, nicely titled Centaur Abducting Lapith Woman and Fallen Lapith Man, is a wonderful symbol of the artistic period and image of war. Sculpted somewhere around 447-438 B.C., the sculpture was carved out of solid marble to produce a beautiful, and yet horrifying scene from a battle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This sculpture was most likely the artist’s attempt to capture the essence of some fable that had been passed down through the generations. Perhaps more likely, it could have been the artist’s own imagination that fathomed the macabre beauty of the rendered scene. The sculpture is done in high relief, carved out of a solid block of marble. The lines and curves of the sculpture give each character within it great definition. It almost appears though, from the way in which the centaur holds the woman, that he has no head. This adds to the already existing complexity of the sculpture. It is very similar to other sculptures of the Classical period in the way that it depicts a man at death’s doorstep, and a woman being abducted. It seems to be a reoccurring theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sculpture is done in a monochromatic brown hue. It depicts a valiant centaur with a Lapith woman slung over his shoulder. A Lapith...

By the River

The story of Harry Howdy living In a small country town and his growth Into a young man Is a ‘bloodcurdling'. That Is, It describes his coming of age, a process that moves children, sometimes quite roughly, into the adult world. The death of his mother and the loss of a dear childhood friend certainly force Harry to enter this adult world, as they teach him the importance of close and supporting relationships. Harry has to take on adult responsibilities earlier than expected after the loss of his mother to a fatal disease.Both he and his brother Keith, take over the housework â€Å"my rather and me shared the duties our mother left us† to help their father, who Is busy In full time employment, providing for the family. It is Harry and Keith who keep the household running by â€Å"cooking† and keeping â€Å"the bathroom shining like a medal†. Harry has to combine these adult responsibilities with the grief that he feels, not only with the death of his mother , but also the death of his close friend Linda Mahoney. Linda Mahoney was Harry close school friend and her support enabled him to cope with the death of his mother and the small mindedness of his town.She shared her levels, ambitions, and her delouses orange cake with Harry. â€Å"She held out an orange cake and a card† and â€Å"l sat in the shade, enjoying her dreams and the sound of her eager voice until she stopped, closed her book, look up at me and ask, ‘What do you want to be Harry? ‘ â€Å". This highlights Land's kindness to Harry and the way that she wants to encourage his dreams. When Linda drowned in a flood when Harry was 14, he grieved for her. From then on, Harry visited her memorial cross â€Å"so that our town had something worth remembering†, to tell her stories and to be close to her.He kept the area tidy In memory of Linda. Just like his father looked after his mother's memorial. His school friend, Johnny Barlow, also grieved Land's d eath. As the story in By the River progresses, Johnny Barlow became Harry close friend. This was despite the Barlow family having a bad reputation in town. The father â€Å"lines up empty beer bottles†; the eldest brother â€Å"received two years Jail, for beating up a businessman†, the other brother Wayne, â€Å"motorbikes, the pub and girls†. The youngest son Johnny suffered as a result of the poor reputation of his family.He'll turn up Like his brother, locked In Jail'. In Harry corning of age, his father teaches him to form his own opinions of people and not to rely on other people's misjudgment. While everyone in their town judges Johnny, Harry becomes friends with him. Harry discovers a ring on Linda Mahogany grave and learns that Johnny cared for Linda and that he is actually capable of emotionally hurting despite what some people might think, â€Å"she sat between us, remember? † Together they grieve for Linda and live through the judgment of the town.By the River' Is a powerful Illustration of the life of a young boy who grows up following the death of his mother and close friend Linda Mahoney. It provides vivid examples of the difficulties of living in a small country town. Through Harry experiences in assuming adult responsibilities, through his coping with grief and through his reassessment of people's characters, Harry transitions from childhood Into adulthood. In the beginning, Harry only wants to escape his town. Through his becoming of an adult, Harry realizes that, If he Is going to leave this

Exas Philippines, Incorporated Company Case Essay

Exas Philippines, Incorporated is a privately owned company by Japanese investor and run and managed by Japanese consultants and experts. It’s main business since the birth of their mother company are METAL STAMPING PRODUCTION (transient or manual and progressive dieset) and TOOL and DIE DESIGNING, PROCESSING and VALIDATION. I belonged in these two production businesses. Our department receives customers’ product technical drawings. We make tool and die design as basis for quotations then customers feedback for approval for the design price. Then processing follows on metal parts components of the go project(s). Assembly will follow of the processed tool and die. Validation follows to deliver engineering samples based on specifications required. Once the delivered samples are approved in their line assembly, mass production will follow at our metal stamping production area. Today, Exas Philippines has been adopting several methods and techniques to add and improve its methods of productivity and quality that is far better than existing technology. This development however, fully sustained daily activities that affect daily production output of the manufacturing industry including transportation. In fact, the effect of certain method and process shows as one of the largest components that helps the company to be more competitive in the market today. Within it, this methods and innovation plays a main role in satisfying customer demand developing trust and confidence among others. One known product that this company produced is MAIN PLATE, a metal stamped part that serves as the major component of digital camera to be assembled in Pentax Philippines, one known customer of ours. Among other parts suppliers, Exas Philippines remains one of its biggest and trusted plastic molding and metal stamped parts supplier for almost a decade. Trust and confidence we did to sustained and keep for future partnership ahead. In this matter, some market, somehow develop a unique and effective process approach in all its product and services. In such, inquiring new and state of the art tools and machineries, successful management program and improved process which could allure investors and potential customers in general. Moreover, products and services providers in an open market like us, need to innovate and enhance operation to the maximum utilization of resources and cost to be more competitive, especially commercial value of our products and services were greatly controlled and dictated by our customers. Where at point, it is a need for the manufacturing industry to forecast total profit prior to producing or launching a certain project through extensive process evaluation and analysis of every aspect of manufacturing and somehow build and innovate unique and well-develop processes. Since main plate manufacturing process and cost involves values need to be considered and improved, moreover, it has the longest and overmanned process to date as evidenced by the results of the operation production and delivery during the first two months. And with the company’s aim for â€Å" Continuous Improvement† and â€Å"Process Optimization†, the researcher conducted this study for possible remedies and measure which has to be developed to improve this poor performance process operation. CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE II STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study helps to improve the present methods to be more efficient and productive. Thus, it is the goal to optimize production output of Main Plate. The study conducted specifically and systematically to provide answer to the following: 1) Are the present methods or set up efficient in terms of the following? 1) Process lay-out activities evident for cheaper and safer process. 2) Process flow chart implemented specifies steps required in terms of lay-out cost. 2) Can the material be improved for cost analysis? 1) Pricing 2) Material kind 3) Material rejection or scrappage 3) Is the manpower available sufficient enough? 1) Manpower vs. Process lay-out 2) Manpower vs. Machines 3) Man-hours requirement vs. Production plan 4) Machineries and fixtures fully utilized? 1) Press stamping machine utilization per day 2) Bench drill for chamfering and tool bits utilization 3) Pneumatic tool grinder, cutting and polishing tools utilization 4) Degreasing Machine Utilization b) What would be the proposal to modify or improve the high cost of production of Main Plate in terms of ? b.1) Labor cost b.2) Machine and Equipment set up c) How would modification of the process benefits the company, the department, the employees, the valued customer as well as the researcher? II SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study helps the company understand the nature and true cost of work and reducing unnecessary costs, and balancing processes in the line to make work flow smoother. It also helps the company to be more competitive in an open market, highly productive and profitable in return. Also using effective techniques that will enhance processing time will eventually increases productivity with less cost, less manpower and man-hour requirements. This study serves as the guidelines for the manufacturing department to determine man and machine effective planning, established time and motion standards to improve production planning and material preparation in general. It will also provide relevant information in settling financial statement, resource allocation and product estimating cost and value. For the employees, it will boost their morale for work since there is that proper division of work load, improve their working conditions and environment. This will also benefit me since I learn time and motion study from this project. I could apply this at my working section, at my home as learning for my family for time management for better results. To the company’s valued customers and business partners, the assurance of on-time deliveries with satisfying high quality product is highly guaranteed. CHAPTER II THE DATA Scope and Limitation: The study conducted by the researcher is focusing mainly on ten (10) different processes involve in producing MAIN PLATE product. The following are the processes: 1) Blanking 6) Flattener 2 2) Piercing 7) Tapping 3) Chamfering 8) Degreasing 4) Flattener 1 9) Visual Checking 5) Polishing 10) Final Packing The entire processing of the product is the main scope of the project where most of the critical problems has been found and identified. The primary targets of the research are to established standard time and methods to be followed in the processing of the said product as well as to improve productivity and reduce manufacturing cost. The project involves considerable cost . Some of them involve a large number of activities which must be carefully planned and coordinated. There are few which can be completed on time, cost and performance targets. Furthermore, another aim of the study is to determine how profitable are the new and improved methods established by the researcher.

Financial Data Analysis

Introduction Between the years 2009 and 2008 there were multiple financial changes to the Patton – Fuller Community Hospital. Using a combination of the balance sheet, statement of revenue and expenses, and also the 2009 hospital’s annual report we are able to see how the years differ in a financial situation. This paper will explain the differences in the finances that had the largest impact on the company as a whole. Balance Sheet The assets of the company played a large role in the large jump of the numbers between 2009 and 2008. Between the two years there was a total change of 7. 5 percent of the total asset which equaled $39,232 dollars. The largest change came from a 56. 10 percent increase in the patient’s accounts receivables, a change of $21,121 dollars. Cash and cash flow equivalents equaled a 45. 10 percent decrease, a change of $18,856 dollars. The inventories offered a 19 percent increase, a change of $10,026 dollars (Apollo Group, 2013). According to the annual report, there was a 1 million dollar donation that provided the hospital with an opportunity to buy new equipment and supplies (Apollo Group, 2013). The liabilities of the company also proved to have multiple changes over time.Due to the purchase of the new equipment there has been a large increase of the debt accrued by the company according to the annual report. Borrowing became necessary to cover all the necessary equipment. The report also stated that an increase of supply purchases would save money in the long run due to the discounted cost at the time of the purchase (Apollo Group, 2013). The current long term debt increased 114. 80 percent a change of $10,414 dollars. The accrued expenses also rose 119. 80 percent a change of $5,013 dollars, leaving a total liability increase of 16. percent companywide leaving a change of $248,703 dollars. (Apollo Group, 2013). The total equity of the company fell between 2009 and 2008. The hospital did not do so well, although most of the shortfall can be attributed to the increase of assets they accrued over the change of 2009 to 2008. The retained earnings between the two years fell 62. 50 percent a loss of $209,471 dollars. This pushed the total liabilities and equity up by 71. 50 percent providing a difference of $39,232 dollars. 2008 proved to be a better year for the company then 2009 (Apollo Group, 2013).Statement of Revenue and Expenses The Patton – Fuller Community Hospital ended the year of 2009 with a new income of a negative $373 dollars. This is actually an increase of revenue from the loss of $15,846 dollars they finished with in 2008. The percentage of change between the two years increased to 97. 60 percent. The total expenses between the two years can attribute to the large changes that were made with the net income. In 2009 the company had a total expense of $463,293 dollars, an increase of spending by 59. 20 percent from 2008 when the total expenses were $437,424 (Apollo Group, 2 013).Between 2009 and 2008 there were slight increases of the revenues by the company. In influx of patients were seen in 2009 leaving a 9. 90 percent change of $41,391 dollars between the two years. Other revenues also provide a 9. 87 percent change leading to a $277 increase for 2009. The total revenues equaled $41,668 more dollars for the company in 2009. With a 9. 89 percent increase of revenue 2009 made $462,982 dollars compared to the $421,314 dollars made in 2008 (Apollo Group, 2013). 2009 provided an increase of the fixed assets; in result of this we saw an increase by 44 percent for the depreciation and amortization of the company.The total operating income fell 98. 10 percent in 2009. Although the company was negative $311 dollars, it was still a better place to be then the $16,110 dollars from 2008. The company had a non-operating income loss of $62 dollars which was a 76. 50 percent change from 2008 of $264 dollars (Apollo Group, 2013). Conclusion When a company is provi ded with a large donation it can do great things for what the facilities are able to provide to their patients. With the increase of new equipment and supplies the company’s need to finance has become apparent by their financial records.Although it is good to have new amenities for the patients, running a company on credit is not always what is best. There is a large need for the Patton – Fuller Community Hospital to watch spending and decrease their financial debts. References Apollo Group, Inc. (2013). Patton – Fuller Community Hospital. Annual Report 2009. Apollo Group, Inc. (2013). Patton – Fuller Community Hospital. Balance sheet as of December 31, 2009 and 2008. Apollo Group, Inc. (2013). Patton – Fuller Community Hospital. Statement of Revenue and Expense 2009 and 2008. Financial Data Analysis Financial Data Analysis Daphnnee Johnson HCS 577 March 18, 2013 Sharon Gomes-Sanders Financial Data Analysis After reviewing the balance sheet for Patton-Fuller Hospital for 2008 and 2009, there are significant differences that are noticeable. The retained earnings (or â€Å"Net Worth† or â€Å"Unrestricted Fund Balance†) drastically decreased from 2008 to 2009 (Apollo Group, 2006). The dollar amount decrease is -209,471, this makes a decrease of over 65%. Long-term debt increase to more than 116% from 2008 to 2009 as well (Apollo Group, 2006). This is a massively huge increase.Total current liabilities also increase as a whole by 184. 09% (Apollo Group, 2006). Major differences are also noted on the statement of revenue and expenses. The operating income decreased by 98% from 2008 to 2009 (Apollo Group, 2006). Net income also decreased between these years by the same percentage. Non-operating income decreased by 77% as well. The total revenue and expenses all seem with in normal range, but the operating income, non-operating income, and net income all have decreased and drastically (Apollo Group, 2006). The total revenue increased by 10% that is $41,668. The expenses increased by $25,869 or 5. 1%. These all seem like reasonable slight increases (Apollo Group, 2006). Many factors can contribute to why there are so many fluctuations and changes between 2008 and 2009. This information usually can be found in the organization’s annual report. Upon reviewing the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital’s annual report, I could deduct some possible explanations for the drastic change in numbers from 2008 to 2009 (Apollo Group, 2006). One possible explanations is, â€Å"Utilities and other costs – contracted maintenance, some professional fees, and computer and other usage fees – do not fluctuate† (Apollo Group, 2006, p. ). This would be an accurate reason the revenue seems so different. Another factor that made Patton-Fuller C ommunity Hospital’s numbers change so drastically between the two years is the passing of the hospital’s benefactor, Abigail Baderman (Apollo Group, 2006). This occurred in 2008, but in 2009 in accordance to her will, the hospital received a money donation from her estate. This $1,000,000 donation is noted as an unrestricted donation (Apollo Group, 2006). This unrestricted donation is recorded on the Interim Statement of Income in December 2009 (Apollo Group, 2006). Declines in the stock market and real estate markets resulted in a sharp drop in the return on investment income. This caused PFCH to reassess the value of its investments and, on their auditors’ advice, to write down those assets (Apollo Group, 2006, p. 3). Another reason the number were so drastically different was because every December Patton-Fuller Community Hospital conducts an annual inventory (Apollo Group, 2006). When the hospital conducted its inventory their expenses for their supplies wer e way underestimated by about a million dollars (Apollo Group, 2006).So this had to be added on as a cost to December’s statement. This underestimate of supply expenses made January to November’s reports not correct, so December had to report the actual figures (Apollo Group, 2006). Therefore, December looked like it was a crazy month for the hospital. â€Å"Following the favorable settlement of some managed care contract disputes, net patient revenue increased by 9% over the previous year, with an average 6% increase in expenses. However, the new arrangement allowed slower payment by the managed care companies, and Patient Accounts Receivable have risen sharply† (Apollo Group, 2006, p. ). The Board at Patton-Fuller wanted to take advantage of a heavy discount on new equipment so they moved some money around to purchase the discounted equipment (Apollo Group, 2006). This was possible by using cash and releasing restricted assets, and borrowing as necessary (Apol lo Group, 2006). â€Å"Declines in the stock market and real estate markets resulted in a sharp drop in the return on investment income. This caused PFCH to reassess the value of its investments and, on their auditors’ advice, to write down those assets (Apollo Group, 2006, p. 3). In conclusion, there were some drastic difference between the ears 2008 and 2009 on both the statement of revenue and expenses as well as the balance sheet. However, all of these significant changes, whether they are positive or negative changes can all be accounted for by various factors. Some of the factors included a generous donation of a million dollars, favorable settlements of managed care contract disputes, investments in new, discounted equipment, and the underestimation of the supply expenses. References Apollo Group. (2006). Patton-Fuller Community Hospital [Multimedia]. Retrieved from Apollo Group, HCS577 – Financial Management in Health Care website.

The process of economic integration

Chapter 1: The route to EMU/Euro AreaEconomic integrating – definitionBecause the Economic and Monetary Union represent a portion of the procedure of economic integrating, foremost a definition of this term needs to be cleared. Jacques Pelkmans ( 2006 ) defines economic integrating as ‘the riddance of economic frontiers between two or more economies’ , normally with the intent of accomplishing different benefits such as a greater internal efficiency. An economic frontier is referred to as ‘any limit over which existent and possible mobilities of goods, services and production factors, every bit good as communicating flows, are comparatively low.’ The procedure of economic integrating is really complex and for this ground, several phases have been distinguished, depending on the strength grade. Therefore, as the grade of economic integrating additions, the economic barriers between the states lessening and their pecuniary and financial policies become more and more co-ordinated. Balassa’s work in this concern ( 1961 ) has identified 7 phases or stairss in the economic integrating, as follows:Free-trade country ( FTA )– duties are abolished between the members, but the states do hold the right to enforce any duties against 3rd states ( non members of the country ) ;Customss brotherhood ( CU )– no duties between members and a common external duty for the 3rd states is agreed upon ;Common market ( CM )– a imposts brotherhood with free motion of production factors, viz. labour and capital ;Economic brotherhood ( EU )– a common market with a high grade of coordination of economic policies ;Monetar y brotherhood ( MU )– a common market with fixed exchange rates or with a common currency go arounding in all member provinces ;Economic and pecuniary brotherhood ( EMU )– an country uniting the characteristics of both pecuniary and economic brotherhood, with integrating developing at the same clip in both policy fields’Full economic brotherhood ( FEU )– an country affecting a complete coordination of the economic systems of the member provinces, with common policies for all of import facets ; political integrating is besides a possible deduction.Presently, the European Union is in the 6th measure, being an Economic and Monetary Union. The route to this phase will be analyzed in the undermentioned subchapter.The Economic Monetary Union in EuropeThe Economic and Monetary Union was a much coveted end of the European Union, even before the Treaty of Rome, as it was expected to offer several benefits to its Member States, such as currency stableness, augmente d international trade and overall, a safe environment that would be able to supply higher employment and growing. Nevertheless, assorted political and economic barriers prevented the accomplishment of these aims until the Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992. Ever since, the procedure of pecuniary integrating seems to hold progressed, with the states escalating their coordination. The way towards the Economic and Monetary Union and accordingly, towards the Euro Area, distinguishes four of import stages.From the Treaty of Rome to the Werner Report ( 1957 to 1970 )The Treaty of Rome, the international understanding which led to the foundation of the European Economic Community, assumed that the currencies were traveling to stay stable, as this was the natural result of the imposts brotherhood and subsequently, of the individual market. However, it did non take to the thought of a pecuniary brotherhood, even though it does mention to pecuniary and economic coordination, stipulating demands in this concern.( what demands – articles? ) Due to currencies turbulencies, the Bretton Woods System begins neglecting in the late sixtiess. Several states, such as France or United Kingdom had to devaluate their currencies, while others, such as Germany or Switzerland were compelled to appreciate them. This brought even more instability and endangered the common agricultural policy – at that clip, the chief achievement of the European Community. In this context, the Community was eager to specify new aims for its development during the following old ages. The Barre Report of 1969 proposes increased economic and pecuniary coordination of the policies of the European Community states and in the same twelvemonth, the accomplishment of the Economic and Monetary Union is set as a formal end at a acme in The Hague. In 1970, several of Europe’s leaders led by the Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Pierre Werner, submitted a study on how the Economic and Monetary Union can be reached in a three-step procedure in 10 years’ clip. This is the alleged Werner Report, which, along these chief aims, defined besides other of import ends, such as the irreversible convertibility of currencies, free motion of capital and even a individual currency, if possible. In order for all these to be attained, the study besides required more co-ordinated economic policies, with other of import determination to be made at the Community degree, refering involvement rates and national budgetary policies. However, the Werner Plan was traveling to neglect in making all its aims in the terminal.From the Werner Report to the European Monetary System ( 1979 to 1979 )The first phase of the Werner Report implied the narrowing of the exchange-rate fluctuations, which was an experimental effort, without any committedness to the farther phases. Unfortunately, this scheme didn’t take into history the fixed exchange-rate against the dollar and this led to a failure in carry throughing the first phase of the Report. In 1971, the Bretton Woods System fails, so the Werner Report can non accomplish its ab initio set out ends. In order to mend the state of affairs, most of the Member States create a mechanism meant to pull off the fluctuations of their currencies, fundamentally cut downing them to a narrow set, called the ‘snake’ . As a consequence of oil crises, dollar failing and policy divergency, the ‘snake’ was traveling to neglect within two old ages. However, this failure did non weaken the involvement for making a currency stableness part. In 1977, the president of the European Commission, Roy Jenkins, proposed a new program for the Economic and Monetary Union, which was eventually launched in March 1979 as the European Monetary System. All states participated at that clip, with the exclusion of the British lb, which was traveling to fall in in 199, but merely for two old ages. The EMS is defined as a ‘a matter-of-fact effort to come on along the route to economic and pecuniary union’ , with the chief aims of ‘to attain a zone of internal and external pecuniary stableness in Europe ( affecting both low rising prices and stable exchange rates ) , to supply the model for improved economic policy cooperation between Member States, to assist to relieve planetary pecuniary instability through common policies vis a vis 3rd currencies.’ ( EC, 1989 ) Besides, the chief elements of the European Monetary System agreement were the followers:The European Currency Unit ( ECU )– an unreal currency based on a leaden norm of all EMS currencies ;The Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM )– meant to cut down the variableness in exchange rate and range pecuniary stableness, as a foundation for the debut of the individual currency ;An expansion of short and average term recognition installationsto back up the attempts of the Member States for ac complishing stableness.The Exchange Rate Mechanism served as a mean of commanding the currency fluctuations in the EMS, doing certain these are kept within +/- 2.25 % against official bilateral exchange rate, with the exclusion of the currencies of Italy, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom, which could fluctuate by +/- 6 % . Furthermore, an index of divergency was used as an early warning system for step ining on the market, through accommodations in several facets, such as involvement rates or financial policy.( Mention of which was the index? –one time the exchange rate of a currency reached 75 % of the maximal fluctuation border authorized, the currency was considered as ‘divergent ‘ )From the start of European Monetary System to the Maastricht Treaty ( 1979 to 1991 )In the first old ages, the European Monetary System faced a batch of currency alterations, but in the terminal, it had proved to be a success. This farther increased the necessity of finishing the individual market, which would presume extinguishing all obstructions to the free motion of goods, services, capital and people. This was traveling to be a long and dearly-won procedure, but the benefits were so deserving it. In June 1988, the Committee for the Study of Economic and Monetary Union was formed, with the intent of analyzing and suggesting phases to be fulfilled to make EMU. The Committee was comprised of all the European Community cardinal bank governors and was chaired by Jacque Delors, the President of the Commission. The study of the Committee, well-known as the Delors Report, gave a definition of EMU’s end as ‘the common direction of pecuniary and economic policies to achieve common macroeconomic goals.’ Besides, it set out three stipulations for the EMU to be established: the sum and irreversible convertibility of currencies, complete liberalisation of capital minutess and integrating of the fiscal sector and irreversible lockup of exchange rates. Furthermore, the Delors Report besides specified the three phases towards EMU, which were the followers:Phase 1 ( 1990-1994 ) :Complete the internal market and take limitations on farther fiscal integrating.Phase 2 ( 1994-1999 ) :Establish the European Monetary Institute to beef up cardinal bank co-operation and fix for the European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) . Plan the passage to the euro. Specify the future administration of the euro country ( the Stability and Growth Pact ) . Achieve economic convergence between Member States.Phase 3 ( 1999 onwards ) :Fix concluding exchange rates and passage to the euro. Establish the ECB and ESCB with independent pecuniary policy-making. Implement adhering budgetary regulations in Member States. ( European Commission )From the Maastricht Treaty to the euro and Euro Area ( 1991 to 2002 )The Maastricht Treaty was adopted in December 1991, during the 2nd portion of the first phase towards EMU. Once it was enforced, the 2nd phase began. Most s ignificantly, the Treaty set the ‘convergence criteria’ that the Member States desiring to follow the individual currency would hold to run into. These standards, along with the alliance of national Torahs of the Member States were supposed to guarantee the readying of a state for following the individual currency. They were fundamentally a usher for bespeaking a country’ stableness and sustainability reflected in their economic and pecuniary policy convergence and in their response to economic dazes. The end was set as accomplishing Emu and the conditions for this were besides established, viz. the Maastricht standards. Therefore, the European Union could travel one measure further. The first phase was completed at the beginning of 1994, when the motion of capital markets was declared free. The 2nd phase began instantly and it ended in 1999, when the debut of the euro marked an of import milepost for the EU.With the euro being launched, a new transitional period began that was traveling to last for three old ages. Initially, since 1999, the euro circulated as biblical money. The national currencies were still in being and were the chief footing for minutess, although in the fiscal universe, the passage was about immediate, the euro being used in every operation that was cashless. Merely in 2002, the euro bills and coins replaced the national 1s, which marked an tremendous alteration affecting all sectors of the economic system. The hard currency conversion was to the full complet ed in merely two months, when the national bills and coins ceased to be.1.3. Pull offing the Economic and Monetary UnionThe Economic and Monetary Union is seen as an instrument to assist accomplishing the aims of the European Union, chiefly balanced and sustainable economic growing and a high degree of employment. Furthermore, the EMU represents a shared duty, being managed by several establishments, belonging to both the European Union and the national Member States. This direction procedure is defined as ‘economic governance’ and it involves the undermentioned histrions:i‚Â · The European Commission, in charge of economic anticipation and of supervising the conformity of the EU states with the Stability and Growth regulations ;i‚Â · The European Council, which sets the chief policy orientations, being composed of all the caputs of province or authorities from the EU states ;i‚Â · The European Parliament, whose chief responsibility is to explicate Torahs and exercising democratic inadvertence over the direction of EMU ;i‚Â · The European Central Bank ( ECB ) , which fundamentally manages the pecuniary policy in the Euro Area, by commanding rising prices through puting involvement rates and stabilising monetary values ; it is portion of the European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) ;i‚Â · The Council of the EU, with its chief constellation ECOFIN ( Economic and Financial Affairs Council ) , which is in charge of organizing the economic policy-making and make up one's minding assorted executions in SGP, every bit good as whether a Member State is ready for following the euro ;i‚Â · The Eurogroup, which is composed of the finance curates of all Euro Area states, together organizing the common involvement policies for the Euro Area Member States ;i‚Â · National authoritiess, which are required to put their budgets within the in agreement bounds for shortages and debts and to esteem and implement the de terminations taken by the Council of the EU.This direction together with the operation undertaken by EMU purpose at back uping its chief nonsubjective through suitably designed economic and pecuniary policies. This mainly refers to three basic activities that EMU seeks to recognize: set uping a compelling pecuniary policy for the Euro Area, keeping monetary value stableness being the most of import issue, efficaciously organizing the economic policies of the Member States and doing certain the individual market is decently operated.Furthermore, the EMU brings together pecuniary policy and economic policy, designed for advancing growing and continuing the strength and the stableness of the euro. These policies are the concern of either European establishments or national 1s, or of both of them at the same clip. For illustration, the economic policy in the Euro Area is still mostly the duty of the Member States, even though the EU Treaties and the EU economic administration regulation s have strengthened and necessitate more coordination refering this facet, in order for the EU aims to be reached. The chief constructions and establishments that guarantee this coordination are ECOFIN and the European Parliament.Beginning: European CommissionIt is of import to advert that the Stability and Growth Pact is the chief usher for organizing economic policy-making in the EU. The Pact was adopted by the Council of the EU in 1999 and has been subsequently revised and strengthened in 2005 and 2011. Its chief function trades with the enforcement of financial subject in the EMU, by guaranting sound and sustainable public fundss. As a regulation, it requires the authorities debt and shortages non to excel 60 % and severally 3 % of the GDP. If a Member State exceeds these imposed bounds, so it will be necessary for it to take disciplinary action, an inordinate shortage process. In certain instances, the Euro Area Member States can besides be forced to cover with fiscal punishmen ts, which fundamentally defines the ‘corrective arm’ of the SGP.The ‘preventive arm’ of the SGP trades with avoiding the inordinate shortages processs and make financial consolidation by accomplishing the medium-term budgetary aims. These are established by each Member State in portion, taking into consideration its present economic state of affairs. However, it can non transcend 1 % of the GDP for the Euro Area states and those take parting in the ERM II. Unlike the ‘corrective arm’ , the ‘preventive’ one does non enforce countenances on the Member States that fail in run intoing the aim, but does promote the authoritiess to follow this peculiar way, as it will take to sustainable budgets.Monetary policy nevertheless, remains the chief of import portion of the EMU and accordingly, of the Euro Area. It is managed by the European Central Bank and the National Central Banks of the Euro Area Member States ( the Eurosystem ) and it fun damentally implies the procedure of act uponing both involvement and exchange rates for profiting the economic system of a state. This is the chief responsibility of the ECB – to command the supply of money and keep monetary value stableness in the country. Particularly, the ECB purposes at maintaining the monetary value rising prices below, but near to 2 % , this mark being considered ideal for advancing growing and employment.

Organizational Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Structure - Essay Example As mentioned in the case, Nissan Company is facing certain problems and due to these problems the productivity and efficiency is affected to a great extent. The company owner aims to make the company improve its operational efficiency and produce better results. Organizational structure as mentioned earlier is of three kinds centralized, decentralized and departmentalized structure (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991). These structures can be adopted in order to make a company powerful and successful one. Centralized structure is a structure with the help of which decisions can be taken as a whole. People will work together by sharing their thoughts, feelings, ideas and will generate better results. Whereas decentralized structure is a structure with the help of which problems can be resolved easily if there are any. And departmentalized structure is a structure with the help of which one can extend the department line in order to gain more profits in a particular market, geographic area etc. One of the well known companies, Nissan, when enters in its fiscal year 2009 tries to change its organizational structure as directed by its Chairman Carlos Tavares as mentioned in the case. ... The company should introduce new and innovative ideas in order to have a joy of everyday driving (Wickens, 1987). The company should also strategically consolidate its operations across other countries too in order to have a diverse economic zone. In addition to this, different operation committees should be established who should be responsible of making different decisions, the decisions should be performance based so that they can easily judge that what they should do in order to make their company perform better. One new and a different organizational design should be there in order to enhance the future growth of the company. Marketing, sales and the support system should be managed more locally because they are the one who are suppose to respond to the needs of the local markets. Similarly the supply chain management should work more logically and with different set of strategies in order to keep a check that whether the company is functioning properly or not. Various holistic approaches should be taken in order to do something different so that it will be very much easy for the company to compete with other companies. RECOMMENDATION 1 The company should adopt centralized structure. Centralized structure is a structure with the help of which all the decisions are made only at the level of the firm as a whole (Dalton et al., 1970). This structure will tend to increase the decision making level of the company too and with the help of this structure the company can generate better results. This organizational structure also allows the firm to avoid all the low performing activities and also to coordinate across its all divisions. Therefore, if there

GRNS402 Carbon Farming Initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

GRNS402 Carbon Farming Initiative - Essay Example Carbon absorbed by plants is stored in plant tissues which are then consumed by animals (Cameron, 2011). Carbon in plant tissues can also be taken to the soil through decomposition when plants die. Carbon is stored in soils in the form of organic matter. This is a compound combination of compounds of carbon containing decomposed plant tissues and animal tissues and carbon that is associated to soil minerals Carbon dioxide that has currently led to change in climate are resulted from agricultural activities (Kimble, Lal & Follett, 2002). Carbon however can also be stored for a long term in the soil through the process of soil carbon sequestration. In carbon farming, the main aim is to remove carbon that is available in the air and convert them to plant material. The farming practice is successful when there is more gain of carbon from the atmosphere that results from enhancement in land management and conservation to exceed loses (Kimble, Lal & Follett, 2002). Conservation tillage is a process that can be used to minimize manipulation of the soil for production of crops. Practices included in this aspect are mulch tillage, cover cropping and crop rotation. Forests are also play an important role in sequestering carbon in the soil on farms (Bates, 2010). Carbon Farming Initiative enables farmers and those that manage firms to make recognitions of carbon through keeping carbon or reduction of gas released on land from greenhouse. The credits obtained credits can be traded to individuals and productions with the desire to balance their releases (Swingland, 2003). Rules governing carbon farming have changed. The changes in the sector have been integrated with Emission Reduction Fund. In the changes, there are activities that can be carried out in farming as brought out under the Carbon Farming initiative (Cameron, 2011). The activities fall

Underground space use with urban sustainability Essay

Underground space use with urban sustainability - Essay Example Underground Space Use with Urban Sustainability Moreover, city planners are faced with a huge task of ensuring that services in urban areas are not disrupted; despite the high number of people streaming to urban centers, the quality of life in cities has to remain unchanged. Moreover, today, there is increasing advocacy on sustainable developments especially with regard to built environment. With increasing awareness on the need to preserve the environment, people are demanding stringent sustainability measures in built environment. Therefore, city planners face a daunting task of deciding the best way to come up with city master plans that ensure sustainability. An approach that has remained untapped in the development of many cities; the approach  promises great opportunities for expansion of cities within sustainable limits is underground urban infrastructure development. Bobylev (2009, 1129) observed that, in order for investors to develop private housing, they require enough transport infrastructure and enough energy supply , which depends on the transport available in such cities. This calls for the need to have proper integration of urban infrastructure development and sustainable development in cities. Therefore, to ensure sustainability despite the growing of urban cities, underground urban development promises potential opportunities, if proper city master plans are prepared to highlight proper urban underground infrastructure designs. Chow et al (2) noted that the ability to maximize space in towns and urban cities would be the greatest challenge for engineers and architectures in the near future. One of the benefits of urban underground infrastructure is that it offers city planners opportunities and space to relocate infrastructure projects such as railway lines, roads, recreational facilities, stores, sports facilities among other amenities. The need for mass transportation services and modern infrastructural development requires new and innovative ways to use the available dwindling space in cities (Chow et al, 3). As a result, efficient use of underground space will ensure planners, developers, landowners and other parties have exciting and untapped opportunities to expand construction projects. Many cities have managed to save huge spaces by designing efficient underground master plans for their transport systems, which has helped not only in reducing congestion but also in maximizing utilization of space in cities. One of the best examples of the huge impacts of underground urban master plan is the London underground station, an underground facility that has managed not only to reduce traffic in the city but also has reshaped the city and utility of space to the best extent possible. The design and the emergence of the London underground station challenged the limits of engineering and city master planning across the globe. The station is an excellent benchmark of what would become of many cities in the future. Space is rapidly becoming scarce while demand for sustainability and the demand for transportation services have increased. Therefore, the London station is an excellent case of typical modernism (Wright, 2011). The tube as it is commonly known made it possible for people to travel between several stations within London at record speeds. As a result, people were no longer willing to live in the city but opted to live away from the city where they can spend a few minutes to get to London (Wright, 2011). T

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Strategic management - Essay Example ng is becoming a fundamental because the industry regulator wants to know techniques that a business uses to prevent violation and abuses from happening. In view of this, the GRC acts as a coach in the planning process. In addition, the concept helps industry regulators to know about the measures a business takes when it identifies violations and abuse of employees and policies. According to DiPietro (2013), technology could assist make a business’s governance, threat, and compliance plans more defendable when placed under regulatory analysis. In view of this, GRC must be aligned with the risks that a business is likely to encounter, so that it can help the business stop the risks from happening or help the business mitigate the risks. The GRC acts as a strategy that influences management decision in the industrial and the transnational environment of a business because it helps business prevent risks involved in foreign business ventures, such as bribery and compliance with local policies. A business engaging in foreign investments, such as construction would benefit from GRC, as it would help the business impede the regulatory risk of costly investigations on issues involving in bribery and policy violation. The GRC concept has become a fundamental aspect of improving business performance in the modern business environment (Bloomberg L.P,

Transcending Neoliberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transcending Neoliberalism - Essay Example Popular and state mandated huge wage increase resulted to inflation compounded by unchecked inflation in the 1980s. These economic policies also resulted in huge foreign debts amounting to three fourths of its national output. It worsened when the state forced the peso to be equal to the dollar. The country bottomed out and defaulted on its debt in 2001 causing its President Adolfo Rodriguez to resign. Various economic policies were then adopted to resuscitate the economy from debt restructuring to expansionary monetary and fiscal policies to checking inflation. To check inflation government held back exports. In 2012, Argentina restricted its import and adopted a tighten foreign currency control. Brazil’s economic policy on the other hand adopted an inward-oriented economy that boosted its global competitiveness. It adopted policies of sustainability and economic liberalization that further boosted its national competitiveness. It maintained a controlled inflationary rate, adopted a floating exchange rate and disciplined fiscal spending that further boosted its economy. Hall, Patrick and Hall, John. Argentina’s Economic Policy: Failing to Learn from History. Web. April 21, 2014

Smith and Marx in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Smith and Marx in Economics - Essay Example In his economic theory he focused largely on issues relating to labour and power, while Smith focused on capital and freedom. A significant number of people think that Adam Smith invented economics when he published The Wealth of Nations in 1776. In it, Smith wrote about how wealth is generated from both labour and land, and how this generation of wealth can lead to higher living standards and productivity. Accumulated wealth is capital that can be reinvested and yielf further dividends. The accumulation of wealth was a good thing; it was especially encouraged in systems that permitted free trade. Free trade permitted goods and services to be exchanged without tariffs. The main advantage of this was that it allowed people who had different items at their disposal to obtain things they needed. He wrote about the market’s â€Å"invisible hand.† This is an illustration that suggests that the market knows best, as it is the accumulation of peoples' desires. It is most famou sly summed up by Smith as follows: â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages† (26-7). ... [T]his produce †¦ bears a greater or smaller proportion to the number of those who are to consume it †¦ .[B]ut this proportion must in every nation be regulated by two different circumstances; first, by the skill, dexterity, and judgement with which its labor is generally applied; and, secondly, by the proportion between the number of those who are employed in useful labour, and that of those who are not so employed (Smith, 10). His insight into 18th century economics was remarkable at the time. But hindsight makes Smith's contribution especially impressive as it resulted in political freedom and a remarkable generation of wealth. This was in direct contrast to the work of Marx, which led to misery and death. Smith's work was picked up great economists such as Frederick Hayek and Milton Freedman to argue for freer markets and more private ownership. Today the Wealth of Nations is considered a foundational text and Smith, who was cited frequently in his own day, is considere d one of the greatest economists (Campbell, et al, 7). Throughout the 19th century a number of economists took up Smith's work and added to it; but the greatest economist of that century was surely the German Karl Marx. His influence on world history was tremendous. His work was very different than Smith's. He focused on the unfairness inherent in the capitalistic system and felt that only labour was valuable. He felt that workers were being oppressed by employers and that they should rise up and form a new ruling class. Revolutionaries around the world took up his ideas in the 20th century to disastrous effect.

Consider the product level models of New Product Development Essay

Consider the product level models of New Product Development - Essay Example These factors make the approach to new product development a critical one (Ribbens, 2000, p. 1). The process thus requires management support; it must also benefit from the experience of new product development teams composed of people from all affected activities; it has to follow distinct phases with extremely well defined activities in order to enhance understanding, greater accuracy and reduce risks and failures that are eminent in new product development. Key elements in new product development The process of new product development takes into consideration seven distinct elements, stages or phases. The first element is idea generation. This is the most critical aspect of all the elements in new product development because without idea generation it is difficult to come up with new products. Here ideas are gathered which present possible product options. Many companies conduct idea generation as a continuous process with contributions from within the organization and outside the organization. A number of methods are used and these may include focus group discussions with consumers, comments suggestions and feedback from customers and research from secondary sources. Creative problem solving technique such as brainstorming is used in this case that enables creative minds to come up with new ideas about an existing problem or a gap in the market. In the brainstorming session, first individuals are told about the problem as a creative challenge. This is important in order to come up with ideas that are viable for a new product. After this, people are given a time limit to think and come up with ideas. When the session begins, the people voice out their ideas and the facilitator lists them down with no criticism made. The best ideas are selected by the facilitator and which all group members agree with. The ideas are then evaluated on a scoring criteria and the idea with the highest score becomes the solution to the problem. Another model, the creative problem solving process model advanced by Osborn-Parnes can also be used here if a feasibility analysis has been carried out to identify problems upon which ideas are generated and solutions sought (Blythe, 2006, p. 50). The model is composed of six stages that can be compressed into three with distinct activities at each of these stages. They include: exploring the challenge which involves identifying the goal, gathering relevant data and clarifying the problem at hand; generating ideas involves coming up with options to solve the problem; and preparing for action which involves solution finding and preparing a plan for action. The process is lauded for its involvement of convergent and divergent thinking that can be used at each of these three stages. The second element is screening and this involves the careful and critical evaluations of the options presented by the new product development team to isolate the best idea or attractive options. This could be done in rounds depending on th e number of ideas and may also involve a number of techniques. As the ideas are being evaluated, other considerations are also made in terms of potential sales, the costs of production, profitability, competition. Only the accepted ideas

The Confederate Flag Essay Example for Free

The Confederate Flag Essay Within the United States of America, arguments, involving the Confederate Flag, are solved every sngle day. However, some controversies have managed to carry on from the 1800’s until present day without any solution. The text and symbolic meaning behind the â€Å"Confederate Flag† is a perfect example. The Confederate Flag is one of America’s most embattled symbolic controversies. Created in 1861in a battle between the South, Confederates, and the North, Union, two men by the name P. G.  T. Beauregard and Congressman William P. Miles designed and created a flag that would represent the true southern pride and demands that would not only bring about conflict with one half of the nation but also with our American society today. The South wanted to fulfill their demands of a new government with a victory, but the North opposed that thought. Today, people in our society misunderstand and misinterpret the true meaning behind the Confederate Flag and what it represents. People have came to believe that the Confederate Flag represents slavery in the 19th century, but in actuality it represents people wanting to govern themselves. The Confederacy had two flags. One being a national flag or â€Å"the stars and bars† and the other to be a battle flag. The southern people believed their national flag was to be respected and not to be used in battle so they wanted a battle flag. Two men by the names, P. G. T. Beauregard and Congressman William P. Miles came up with the design. These men were chosen because of their active duty within the Confederacy. Both showed much pride and served with active duty. P. G. T. Beauregard was chosen as one of the eight full leading generals and led the Confederacy to their first win in battle in the â€Å"battle of Manassas† and commanded at the Battle of Shiloh after Albert Sidney Johnston’s death. Given such great honor, he was chosen to be one of the designers of the flag. William P. Miles was appointed by the Provisional Congress as chairman of the Flag and Seal Committee. William Miles took much pride in the Confederacy and what they represented so was chosen to help design flags for the nation and approval of them as well. Their design was similar in comparison to the national flag. The battle flag would have a blue X on a red field. The flag had thirteen stars to represent the thirteen states in the Confederacy, often referred to as the Rebel Flag,† Southern Cross, or â€Å"Dixie Flag. † It represented a battle for a lesser government, just as P. G. T, Beauregard and Miles followed. These men and their fellow Southerners wanted less taxes and for people to govern themselves. The flag was flown in honor of those fighting for these demands and the pride of the confederacy and their struggle to win. In conclusion, both men shared great dignity in the Confederacy and wanted to represent their people and demands with reason to overturn the government. This flag was first flown in July 21st, 1861 and is still displayed in the United States. Both men, today, continue to receive much honor for their active duty served and creating a flag that symbolizes the Southern nation as one. The typical audiences portraying the â€Å"Rebel Flag,† in a majority, are whites. Back in the 1800’s during the battle of the Civil War, blacks were mainly looked down upon and used as slaves. Blacks had no power amongst the white people in the southern states and were to work for them and follow their orders. Due to this, only white people had taken pride in their flag. Whites were fighting for their demands of a better government. Thus, only white people played a main role during this time period. Yet, blacks, being viewed down upon at this time, are viewed in the audience as well. Today, blacks look at the situation as a major issue with their race at the time and hopes for survival. But why is this? When the flag is presented in our society today, some look at the flag, with disgust, as representation of racism because the flag was flown during a time period in which racism dominantly occurred. Also, based upon the text I had chosen, it consists of white people in battle. The audience of the text promptly follows the text with pride. These audience members were not just white or black people, but also southerners and northerners. In the battle it was the southerners of the thirteen confederate states of America who portrayed the flag as a new government ran by the people when the North portrayed the flag as a banishment of a perfectly ran government. No northerners opposed the idea that the Confederacy should be erased as the no southerners opposed the idea of a new government. Thus, made the issue more complicated due to disagreements. The reaction of the southern white audience would portray anger due to their loss in battle as well as pride in their sacrifice. The audience would have hoped for a different conclusion to the battle giving the Confederates the victory and joyfulness of their people at the time. The northerners reacted the exact opposite. They celebrated their victory and the government was given more dominance. The author intended the reaction of the audience to be very informed because a great amount of information and history was given. The author knew what the flag truly represented and wanted the readers to know the same. Given so much information, the audience would become very informed and learn to understand the flag in a respectful manner. However, people in this present day continue to fly the flag with no knowledge of the meaning or respect. Some, with no knowledge, look at the flag as a gang or group symbol while others respectfully present it as a historical time period. So why get rid of this flag? Being a nation that prohibits slavery in written law, some Americans who continue to believe the false rumor that the flag represents slavery and racism or are less educated with the history behind the flag and want to get rid of it. Our society has represented the Confederate flag in a disrespectful manner and needs to change that. Hear the Northern thunders mutter! Northern flags in South’s winds flutter! To Arms, To Arms, To Arms in Dixie! Send them back your fierce defiance! Stamp upon the cursed alliance! To Arms, To Arms, To Arms in Dixie! Advance the flag of Dixie! Hurrah! Hurrah! For Dixie’s land we take our stand, And we live or die for Dixie! To Arms! To Arms! And conquer peace for Dixie! To Arms! To Arms! And conquer peace for Dixie! –Confederacy chant. Many people praise it, display it, and chant it, yet others view it with pure disgust. Once again, the Confederate or â€Å"Rebel Flag has been shoved onto the table of debate due to the raising of the flag in front of the South Carolina State House. So much debate has arose that President Obama was questioned where this flag should be placed? President Obama replied with a very considerate answer. His answer was, â€Å"In a museum. † But why would he want to take down the flag and retire it? Many have applauded him upon the issue, yet others are left confused as to why? Many people fly the Confederate Flag with pride and none of which are racist. In fact, the flag does not even represent anything considering racism. Only current connotation has led people to believe that. People today do not understand the true meaning and history behind the flag so they are unknowingly spreading false information. It is compared to the Nazi flag as a white supremacy symbol today. Another fact is that the Confederate Flag was never once flown on a slave ship; it was the present American flag that had been flown. The true meaning behind the flag was a lesser or new government. Southern people were getting tired of being overtaxed and wanted to govern themselves. Following these demands, arguments between the North and South grew more intense. Slaves were more acceptable in the south rather than the north. Southerners’ main use of slaves was to work in plantations to help incorporate a better and more profitable farm. This was not ok with the northerners. The northerners’ believed slavery was uncivilized and should be abolished. Prior to his election, Abraham Lincoln said he wanted to â€Å"free the slaves. † This quote developed more controversy especially since Lincoln, at the time, had slaves of his own. Southerners became furious such an ironic statement and began stating their opinions about the presidency towards Lincoln while demanding a lesser government, lower taxes, and to keep slavery. Northerners began to stand behind Lincoln and would speak on behalf of him. More issues and controversies developed which lead to a feud between the North and South. This feud is now known as, the American Civil War (1861-1865). In mix of battle, the Confederacy respected their national flag and did not want it to be displayed in mix of battle. This is when the â€Å"Rebel† or â€Å"Battle† Flag was created. As Confederates would rush into battle, they would carry the thirteen-stared blue X on a red field flag with pride and dignity. The Confederates then formed secession from the United States becoming, the Confederate States of America as the northerners became referred to as the Union. After carrying their flag for four bloodshed/devastating years, the Confederacy fell to the Union. Slavery would then become abolished as would the Confederate States of America. The Rebel Flag then slowly began to disappear. Due to the, all of a sudden, emergence of the flag in our society today, people argue that it should be rid of or as Obama said, â€Å"In a museum. † The flag, to a majority people, is a historical symbol that brings back the thought of their ancestors who fought in battle and our nation falling apart when the North and South fought killing 620,000 of our nation’s people. The flag stood out in Civil War as a symbol of the South wanting a change in government. Our society needs to become more educated when it comes to the understanding of Confederate Flag and learn how to display it in a correct manner. With great debate over the embattled symbolic meaning behind the Confederate Flag, our society has yet to reach a solution. Many people are continuing to spread false information while others are arguing the true meaning behind the flag. Who knows how long this controversy will last. P. G. T. Beauregard and William P. Miles created the flag to represent the southern demands of a lesser government with no disregard towards racism. Confederates used the flag’s symbolic meaning to connect their nation as one and to fight together to overcome this battle with the North. As I previously mentioned, our society needs to learn to become more educated when it comes to understanding the Confederate Flag and learn to display it in a proper manner. As a nation we must learn to solve and consider our issues rather than speaking with fault and resorting to violence.