Notes On Autism Spectrum Disorder - 1656 Words

Lydia Chludil Personal Special Education Teaching Philosophy Paper TE 434: Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder David Rose 4/15/2016 What are the historical theories, who are the major contributors, and what are the relevant federal laws underlying the field of ASD? The historical theories that are in the field of ASD all originated with Leo Kanner. His work was started in 1943 where he identified â€Å"autism† using common descriptions. The descriptions lead to a certain criterion that was then used to identify those with ASD. The criteria included, but is not limited to, rare communication behaviors, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. Kanner worked to portray autism instead of define it.†¦show more content†¦The federal laws underlying the field of ASD are the Individuals with Disabilities Act 2004 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act; both were created to protect the rights of individual with disabilities. Individual Disabilities Act is focused on the implementation of educational needs and services to students up to 21 years of age. It also entitles every student t o a free public education. Section 504 provides a free public education and each student receives services in the same manner as those who do not have a disability. Both of these federal laws were created to contribute to the education and development of every individual that would need an IEP. How do these theories interact with the dynamic development of the ASD definitions over time? According to dictionary.com â€Å"Autism spectrum disorder is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child s ability to communicate and interact with others. It also includes restricted repetitive behaviors, interests and activities. These issues cause significant impairment in social, occupational and other areas of functioning.† When ASD is googled, there are many possible definitions as a result, and not a single one is 100% comprehensive. There have been various theories to the development and definitions of ASD. These theories are dynamic to the development of the definition of ASD over time because the theories began targeting simple behaviors and labelling

The Immigration Law Of 140 Years - 925 Words

Throughout the years we have gone through various achievements; the election of the first â€Å"Black† President; the release of enslavement; the approval of â€Å"Gay† marriage and more, yet immigration still remains untouched. Now that is clearly an exaggerated statement, but The fact that the immigration law of 140 years ago is still not seen as a type of repression and the American current civilization is still in denial of it, is what makes it ever so severe. From the first immigration policy: the Page Act of 1875, to the Immigration reform and Control Act of 1986 the immigration policies have remained the same. Both acts, among others are not written for the safety of one country but for the racial discrimination of one specific group of immigrants, now especially to Latin Americans. Because of this discrimination is why it is so essential to understand how the immigrants have continued to exclude people and have not changed over time. The Page Act determined whether the immigration of any subject of China, Japan, or any Oriental country, to the United States, is free and voluntary. Further the importation into the United States of women for the purposes of prostitution was forbidden and deemed a conviction of no more than five years of prison time (Included in Chapter 141 Section 3 and 5 session 2). This act was incredibly specific in its exclusion, it deliberately targeted a particular group and limited their entrance for example by adding one characteristic (prostitution)Show MoreRelatedU.s. Department Of Homeland Security Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesform I-140, employer petition. Unfortunately, eligibility for this immigration benefit under the proposal is highly restrictive and therefore will aid a far narrower group of foreign national workers than had been hoped. 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Joseph Michael Arpaio was born in June 14, 1932, and is still a former law enforcer in the state of Arizona. He is known for his stances on illegal immigration and leading an investigation on the validity of Barack Obamas birth certificate. He has been accused of abusing power, misuse of funding, failure in researching on sexual crimes, unlawful enforcement on illegal immigration, election law violations, and racial profiling (especially targeting Hispanics). Not only has he committedRead MoreTexas 85th Legislative Session1630 Words   |  7 PagesTexas’ 85th Legislative Session Texas has a legislative session every two years. Currently the legislature is in session from January 10, 2017 to May 29 2017, a total of 140 days. During these 140 days the legislators have to work fast to try to get through all the bills. A bill is written and proposed by a Representative from the House of Representatives or from a Senator from the Senate. Once it is filed the bill goes to the Senate or House Committee, if it was filed in the senate than it wouldRead MoreImmigration in USA Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pagesplace for immigration. The history proved that the United States was the dream land, the place of chances. That started when Europeans escaped form their countries because there were no jobs and no safe places to live. America became the best choice for people who were looking for political asylum, jobs, or freedom, but after a few generations something changed the Americans look to immigrants as strangers and they forgot where they are from because America is mul ticultural place and immigration movementRead MoreCitizenship by Birthright Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesadvocate is Senator Lindsey Graham, a representative from the state of South Carolina. In summation, Mr. Graham believes the United States made â€Å"a mistake† in granting said citizenship and that the birthright practice only serves to encourage illegal immigration (Preston, 2010). This senator is one of many who believe illegal immigrants are not under jurisdiction of the United States, as outlined in the fourteenth amendment. Furthermore, he shares a belief immigrants cross United States borders with theRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagespassed during that time that affected immigrants. America’s view at this time reflected that of strong Nativism. Several anti-immigration groups had their fair share of influence in political affairs that had a negative affect on certain groups. This paper will outline the events t hat led to three pieces of legislation. This paper will also highlight the impact on immigration and how the chosen pieces of legislation contributed to future legislation (if at all). The first piece of legislation highlightedRead MoreThe Constitution And The United States1483 Words   |  6 Pageshas been searched. There are fifty states in United States. Each state has constitutions, laws and government. There are some similarities and differences between the states. Although Texas is one of the biggest states in the United States, the question is Texas is the strongest state. There will be three areas that will be discussed, the constitution, the style of government and the immigration laws of both states. The first topic is the constitution, in order to understand the each stateRead MoreImmigration Reforms Domino Effect 1347 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect those situations immediately at hand, but also those for generations to come. This paper will be delving into immigration reform in Arizona, and more specifically the negative effects that the border surge has had on the socio-economic status of the Grand Canyon state. The motivation for choosing this to pic comes from the time spent personally living in Arizona for 12 years and seeing it as one of the most dynamic states having to solve problems for a multitude of issues that arouse withinRead MoreIllegal Immigrants in Lebanon Essays1564 Words   |  7 Pagesemployers prefer these low salaries, non-insurant workers on Lebanese ones. This situation of illegal immigration has led to negative impacts on Lebanon. First, it gives bad reputation to the country when it serves as a bridge to EU. Second, the immigration drives down wages and conditions to the detriment of Lebanese workers. Third, many illegal immigrants are involved in activities prohibited by Lebanese law such as arms, drugs traffic, car lifting and others. Finally, these clandestine do not pay income

Management Practice and Theory Competitive Business

Question: Describe about Management Practice and Theory for Competitive Business. Answer: Introduction: In present competitive business environment, the phrase teamwork has able to enhance its significance greatly. Since, teamwork plays a crucial role in achieving organizational goals and objectives (West 2012). Therefore, several modules and theories are developed on the teamwork operation and its impact on the organizational success. Many studies have found that when employees have to work on their own, they often feel reluctant towards their responsibilities. As a result, they do not give their full effort in order to fulfill organizational goals and objectives. Therefore, management in organizations has to play a crucial role in developing effective team for the organizational success. However, managers have to consider several things at the time of developing effective teamwork in the organizational atmosphere. The major issue of developing establishing an effective teamwork is that it does not follow any specific rules. In fact, managers of different organizations have deal with different problem at the time of developing a strong foundation for implementing effective teamwork. In this assignment, the focus will be on different perspectives of teamwork establishment in order to identify the kind of challenges that organizations have to face at the time of developing effective team. Main body: Current business environment induces organizations to face with several types of internal and external factors that also have its impact on the employee performances. As a result, different organizations implement different rules in order to counter these factors and remain competitive in the market. For instance, organizational environment or economic environment is a major external factor that can affect business of an organization (Ulrich 2014). On the other hand, structure of an organization also has greater impact on the operational effectiveness. Since, these two factors create difficulties for the employees in managing their responsibilities. Therefore, modules and theories that describe organizational structure emphasizes on the teamwork operation that will include each and every employees of the organization. Many studies have also describes the way for organizations in developing an effective structure. It also highlighted that organizational structure heavily depends on bo th managers and employees effort. As a result, implementing effective teamwork is necessary for maintaining an effective organizational structure. On the other hand, organizational environment or economical environment is the external factor that organizations face in maintaining effective operational responsibilities. As per the article by Galegher, Kraut and Egido (2014) economical environment has two categories namely macroeconomic environment and microeconomic environment. The article highlighted that macroeconomic environment can affect entire business operation. On the other hand, microeconomic environment include the factors that affect organizational decision-making. Studies have established the fact that these factors have great impact on the effectiveness of the teamwork. Therefore, organizations have to consider elements like group composition, cohesiveness and motivation level of the employed staff so that the organization can able to maintain proper teamwork atmosphere. It also influences managers to utilize promoting effective team meetings, leading by examples, appraising achievements of any employee and developi ng proper work atmosphere so that employees can able to work together for the achievement of the organizational goal and objectives. As mentioned by Walzer et al. (2014) teamwork is necessary for the as it provides the opportunity for the maximum achievement of the organization. Therefore, collaboration among employees is a prime key for the success of the organization. However, the article also highlighted the fact that organizations also have to provide the atmosphere where employees can able to fulfill their individual goals. Since, higher probability of achieving individual goals allows employees to work more efficiently in a team environment. For instance, Ford automobile that considered among the top automobile manufacturer in the world, utilize well-organized work structuring in USA. The company follows a well-structured mechanism that is applicable for the top-level managers as well as for the ground level employees. Well-defined team objective is another prime factor that organizations have to consider at the time of developing effective teamwork environment. Since, it acts as a guideline for the employees to move towards the right direction, which eventually creates positive impact on the organizational goals and objectives. In this situation, practices of Google management can be highlighted. Since, Google utilize a unique OKR technique for tracking and defining objectives and evaluates outcomes (Lantz Friedrich, Sjberg and Friedrich 2016). It also describes the progress of an organizational objective with measurable results. The great significance of this technique is that it describes how an individual managers expectation varies with the possible level of achievement. Many studies have highlighted the significance of individual achievement appraisal and efficient team meeting on the utilization of effective teamwork. Since, ensures that all the employees of the organization are in right track. It also helps organization to implement regular planning procedure so that it can reduce the possibility of organizational failure (Schultz, Vitton and Butz 2015). Many successful organizations like Microsoft Corporation conduct staff meeting regularly in order to keep the mind of the employees in right shape. Microsoft also utilizes individual achievement appraisal in order to ensure that the employees are going in the right direction so that they can able to adjust to the new innovative and competitive environment. As per the article by Mintrom and Salisbury (2014) team working should not be regarded as an obligation but have to be considered as one of the prime responsibilities of the organization. Since, teamwork increases the possibility of developing healthy work environment. Teamwork creates humors in the work environments that eventually create positive impact on the cohesiveness of the employees. The article also highlighted that the prime responsibilities of the managers is to oversee the organizational approach in starting and fulfilling a particular task effectively. In enhances interaction and socialization among the employees. Over the years, many management theories have been developed in order to explain how managers should work so that they can able to handle teamwork of the employees in an effective manner. In the book The Function of Executive, Chester Barnard has developed; a model that describes that organization operates as a cooperative system (Farh, Seo and Tesluk 2012). As per this theory, an organization is developed only when an individual can fulfill his own task effectively. The theory also highlighted that organizations have to utilize all its internal resources in order to remain competitive in this hostile business environment. Thus, it has to utilize its capital, equipment and labor in order to succeed in the market. Therefore, the theory highlighted the significance of teamwork for an organization in order to remain competitive in the market. Since, effective utilization of teamwork allows organization to utilize all its resources in a much more effective way. In fact, the theory highli ghted the fact that organizations are developed so that a group of individual can able to work towards a particular objective so that the businesses can able to taste success in the market. The organizational complexity leads to develop many others managerial theories that describes the significance of teamwork in order to gain success in the market. As per the system equilibrium theory, every organization has to achieve a balance in their system (Davidson 2013). The theory highlighted that organization need a balance between two equilibriums process that describes balance between the environment, organizational characters and its members. The theory also highlighted that both the equilibrium try to balance either its members or environment. Thus, it highlighted the fact that utilization of effective teamwork helps organization to achieve both the equilibriums. The inducement contribution theory is relatively complicated as it may argue about circulating in the motivation theory. In the present complex managerial environment, managers are often involved in different types of brain storming process to come up with a solution for the several challenges that organization is facing right now. Bureaucratic model of organization describes the way to develop individuals within the workplace. As mentioned by Maxwell (2013) bureaucratic model describes a well defined way for the organizations that will help to move in the right direction. The article also highlighted that every organization have to follow the chain of command where command will implemented from the top level management to bottom level management. Since, it allows employees to understand the command of the higher authority in a much effective way. As a result, it reduces the possibility of any confusion in the workplace. Therefore, it helps organizations to improve the cohesiveness a mong the employees that eventually help to develop effective teamwork. The bureaucracy model also highlighted that organizations have to perform employment in a well-demonstrated competencies so that it can protect all the employees from any types of arbitrary dismissals. Organizations also have to provide a well-organized way for training the employees so that they can able to work together for the success of the organization. On the other hand, Crawford and Lepine (2013) mentioned that bureaucracy model also have some disadvantages as well. The demerits of bureaucracy model include excessive dependency on the organizational rules and regulations. Since, it induces employees to work in a mechanical way. This model also makes the employees more resistance whenever organization will introduce new techniques and systems. As per the article by Siassakos et al. (2013) leadership is another crucial factor that play key role in utilizing teamwork at the organizational workplace. The article highlighted Kurt Lewins force field theory that describes the significance of leadership skill in decision making process. The theory also highlighted the impact of the democratic in a company. The article also highlighted that Kurt Lewin also mentioned different style of leadership namely autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire that organization can utilize for the effective utilization of the operational process. However, the theory also highlighted that democratic leader always able to get more cooperation from the employees. Since, democratic leadership style allows employees to share their opinion and also provides the freedom to work freely within the organizational structure. On the other hand, autocratic leadership style increases the frustration level among the employees, as they do not able to share their v iews and thoughts to the management (Long and Fang 2013). Therefore, the article mentioned that organizations are more likely to utilize teamwork by introducing democratic leadership style in the organizational workplace. Kozlowski et al. (2015) mentioned Lewins theory of Force Field Analysis that describes that activities of the employees are affected by the surrounding environment. The theory mentioned that environment is mutually interacting characters that are completely independent from each other. The Force Field Analysis also utilizes three principles that include mathematic presentation of concentric stations. It also highlighted the behavior as the key function of the field where the company is laid and the beginning of analyses in a complete situation. The prime objective of this theory is to determine when the company is progressing or to identify whether the company is static in its position. This analysis is crucial, as it allows organizations to implement necessary changes so that the company can able to fulfill its objective in an appropriate manner. The Force Field Analysis highlighted many factors including individual goals, employee ambition and the overall objectives of the organiza tion. As per the article by Chuang, Jackson and Jiang (2016) group decision theory is another important theory that highlighted the importance of teamwork in the organizational workplace. The theory highlighted the significance of sharing ideas in the workplace so that every individual can agree in a common idea so that organization can able to fulfill its operational requirements effectively. The theory also highlighted two prime ideas of group dynamics. This includes task interdependence and interdependence of fate. The interdependence of fate highlighted the fact that every individual in the group has different characters. The presence of different types of character is an advantage for the group. Since, a member who has already achieved a particular objective will always be ready to take on new challenges. Therefore, that particular member will induce other individuals to take on the objective. As a result, organization will able to increase its level of efficiency. On the other hand, task interdependence reflects that interdependency of a group in achieving a particular goal will help organization to create strong group dynamisms. Therefore, it will help organization to fulfill all their objectives in an appropriate way. In addition, Stashevsky and Levy (2014) mentioned that effectiveness of the group heavily depends on the level of interdependence. If an organization holds very low level of interdependency then it will saturate the growth of the organization. However, the theory highlighted that if all the member of the group share common objective then it is more likely to have a strong team bonding. This eventually will create positive impact on the overall effectiveness of the organization. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be assess that organizations have to consider many factors that can have affect on the teamwork. The above discussed theories and examples highlighted that organizations have to summarize the entire ideology for improving the effectiveness of the teamwork. However, it is evident that developing an effective teamwork environment is not an easy task. In the present business context, every organization utilizes complex operational system that operates at several levels to fulfill common organizational goal. Now, every system is implemented by different set of people who possess different characters. In order to keep them on the same page, managers of the organization have to take greater responsibility to show the right way for the employees to move forward. Managers also have to understand the kind of external and internal challenges that employees are facing in the work environment. Therefore, managers also have to motivate all the employees so that t he cohesiveness of the group does not get affected. Thus, it can be mentioned that developing effective teamwork is not an easy process but organizations have to utilize it in an appropriate way to remain competitive in the market. References: Chuang, C.H., Jackson, S.E. and Jiang, Y., 2016. Can knowledge-intensive teamwork be managed? Examining the roles of HRM systems, leadership, and tacit knowledge.Journal of management,42(2), pp.524-554. Crawford, E.R. and Lepine, J.A., 2013. A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.32-48. Davidson, H., 2013. An exploratory study into attitudes towards teamwork in the workplace and in the academic environment. Farh, C.I., Seo, M.G. and Tesluk, P.E., 2012. Emotional intelligence, teamwork effectiveness, and job performance: the moderating role of job context.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(4), p.890. Galegher, J., Kraut, R.E. and Egido, C., 2014.Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press. Kozlowski, S.W., Grand, J.A., Baard, S.K. and Pearce, M., 2015. Teams, Teamwork, and Team Effectiveness: Implications for Human Systems Integration.APA handbook of human systems integration. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. Lantz Friedrich, A., Sjberg, A. and Friedrich, P., 2016. Leaned teamwork fattens workplace innovation: the relationship between task complexity, team learning and team proactivity.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, pp.1-9. Long, R.J. and Fang, T., 2013. Profit sharing and workplace productivity: Does teamwork play a role?. Maxwell, J.C., 2013.The 17 indisputable laws of teamwork: Embrace them and empower your team. Thomas Nelson Inc. Mintrom, M. and Salisbury, C., 2014. 8 Policy entrepreneurs, creative teamwork, and policy change.Making Public Policy Decisions: Expertise, Skills and Experience, p.129. Schultz, P.L., Vitton, J.J. and Butz, N.T., 2015. The Race to the South Pole: Lessons in Problem Solving, Planning, and Teamwork.Journal of Critical Incidents,8, p.120. Siassakos, D., Fox, R., Bristowe, K., Angouri, J., Hambly, H., Robson, L. and Draycott, T.J., 2013. What makes maternity teams effective and safe? Lessons from a series of research on teamwork, leadership and team training.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica,92(11), pp.1239-1243. Stashevsky, S. and Levy, S., 2014. The effects of teamwork quality on team objective and subjective outcomes.Values in Shock The role of contrasting management, economic, and religious paradigms in the workplace,44. Ulrich, D., 2014. The future targets or outcomes of HR work: Individuals, organizations and leadership.Human Resource Development International,17(1), pp.1-9. Walzer, T., Simon, R., Berry, W., Cooper, J., de Moya, M., Dwyer, K., Hemingway, M., Kissane, N., Nadelberg, R., Palaganas, J. and Pawlowski, J., 2014. Board# 254-Program Innovation A Perioperative Teamwork Instructor Training Program for Supporting Perioperative Teamwork Training (Submission# 10164).Simulation in Healthcare,9(6), p.473. West, M.A., 2012.Effective teamwork: Practical lessons from organizational research. John Wiley Sons.

Lady Macbeth In The Tragedy Of Macbeth; The Iron Butterfly Essays

Lady Macbeth in The Tragedy of Macbeth; the "Iron Butterfly" In William Shakespeare's, The Tragedy of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is the dominator of the play. Lady Macbeth's character is not as eclectic as her husband's but it is just as dramatic. Lady Macbeth has a rich and fascinating combination of qualities. She is not a monster without feeling; her husband adores her, for example, "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck," (III, ii, 45). Macbeth also refers to Lady Macbeth as his dear partner. Lady Macbeth is horrified by blood and during her sleepwalking soliloquy she refers to her little hand suggesting a delicate nature and stature by uttering this: "All the perfumes / of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand." (V, i, 43-44). All of this, however, does very little to soften her true nature. She is sly and artful as she urges Macbeth to kill Duncan and she is particularly treacherous when she continually urges him to shake off his torments. For example, in this scene from the play, Shakespeare gives the reader an idea of the twist that he gives her personality and how ruthless she can be: I have given suck, and know How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. (I, vii, 54-59). In the next examples you can see how she persuades Macbeth to ignore his torments of his guilt of the murder: "These deeds must not be thought / After these ways; so, it will make us mad. " (II, ii, 33-34), and "Why, worthy thane, / You do unbend your noble strength, to think / So brainsickly of things?" (II, ii, 43-45). Seemingly, she suffers no pangs of conscience. It is easy for her to be "bright" and "merry" and it seems second nature for her to play at being the most gracious of hostesses. Duncan is completely deceived by her "thoughtfulness." Also, take in consideration that in the midst of her chaotic dinner party, she retains her composure and saves her husband from added embarrassment. In today's vernacular, she might accurately be characterized as being an "iron butterfly"-delicate but invincible. She is impatient and absolute when her husband cannot carry out the details of their assassination plot. Although it is Macbeth who commits the actual deed of murder, it is Lady Macbeth who returns to Duncan's chamber and smears the blood upon the grooms. Her self-control is superhuman; in fact, Macbeth is terrified of it and her unfailing resourcefulness. In this example, Shakespeare demonstrates how much self control she has over the evil deed: "A little water clears us of this deed: / How easy it is then!" (II, ii, 66-67). In fact, Lady Macbeth tried to murder Duncan herself, but he appeared to look like her father while he was sleeping so she could not. Selfishly, she fastens her husband's attention on the throne of Scotland. It is she who sees to the details of the crime: "Only look up clear. / To alter favor ever is to fear. / Leave all the rest to me." (I, vi, 69-71). It is she who is more concerned that Macbeth has failed to kill Duncan, when he reconsiders the murder, than the possibility that their plans have been exposed. It is she, rather than Macbeth, who says, Go get some water, And wash this filthy witness from your hand. Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there: go carry them, and smear The sleepy grooms with blood. (II, ii, 45-49). She immediately perceives that the blood and the daggers are incriminating and admonishes Macbeth for being so foolish. Throughout the play, her courage and her practicality work together successfully. It is only in private that Lady Macbeth shows her weariness. Almost naively, she urges Macbeth to sleep and, here, her faith in sleep is deeply ironical. It is only after she has suffered a mental breakdown, that you realize how deeply her crimes have haunted her. This is an quotation from the play from the